The position of the child in the Qur'an can be understood from two aspects attached to him, namely:
1. Son as Qurrata a'yun
وَٱلَّذِينَ يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا هَبۡ لَنَا مِنۡ أَزۡوَٰجِنَا وَذُرِّيَّٰتِنَا قُرَّةَ أَعۡيُنٖ وَٱجۡعَلۡنَا لِلۡمُتَّقِينَ إِمَامًا
And they who say: O our Lord! grant us in our wives and our offspring the joy of our eyes, and make us guides to those who guard (against evil). (al-Furqan: 74)
The word qurrata a'yun lexically, as revealed in the Qur'an Surat al-Furqan verse 74 above means "the heart of the heart". In the Dictionary of al-Munawwir, this word means the apple of the eye, the darling, or the beloved. In the Dictionary of al-Munjid, more fully explained that the intent of qurrata a'yun is happy to see something fun.
2. Son as Zuyyinah
That is, the position of the child is like a living decoration for his parents because the word zuyyinah language means to decorate or beautify. In this context the Qur'an aligns the position of the child with wealth as something favored by humans in general. In Surat al-Kahf [18] verse 46:
ٱلۡمَالُ وَٱلۡبَنُونَ زِينَةُ ٱلۡحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنۡيَاۖ
Wealth and children are an adornment of the life of this world… (al-Kahfi: 46)
The verse, it can be understood that likened to jewelry, means the child is a source of love. Normally something that is loved, then he must be taken care of wholeheartedly. Similarly, the presence of children in the eyes of parents.
3. Child as Zuriyyah (heir)
The Word of Allāh SWT about zuriyah can be seen in the following verse:
وَوَصَّيۡنَا ٱلۡإِنسَٰنَ بِوَٰلِدَيۡهِ إِحۡسَٰنًاۖ حَمَلَتۡهُ أُمُّهُۥ كُرۡهٗا وَوَضَعَتۡهُ كُرۡهٗاۖ وَحَمۡلُهُۥ وَفِصَٰلُهُۥ ثَلَٰثُونَ شَهۡرًاۚ حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُۥ وَبَلَغَ أَرۡبَعِينَ سَنَةٗ قَالَ رَبِّ أَوۡزِعۡنِيٓ أَنۡ أَشۡكُرَ نِعۡمَتَكَ ٱلَّتِيٓ أَنۡعَمۡتَ عَلَيَّ وَعَلَىٰ وَٰلِدَيَّ وَأَنۡ أَعۡمَلَ صَٰلِحٗا تَرۡضَىٰهُ وَأَصۡلِحۡ لِي فِي ذُرِّيَّتِيٓۖ إِنِّي تُبۡتُ إِلَيۡكَ وَإِنِّي مِنَ ٱلۡمُسۡلِمِينَ
And We have enjoined on man doing of good to his parents; with trouble did his mother bear him and with trouble did she bring him forth; and the bearing of him and the weaning of him was thirty months; until when he attains his maturity and reaches forty years, he says: My Lord! grant me that I may give thanks for Thy favor which Thou hast bestowed on me and on my parents and that I may do good which pleases Thee and do good to me in respect of my offspring; surely I turn to Thee, and surely I am of those who submit. (QS. Al-Ahqāf: 15)
Sayyid Quthb (2004) explained that the phrase "grant me goodness by (giving goodness) to my grandchildren" is the plea of a believer's heart for his pious deeds to his offspring and for his heart to feel happy if his offspring worship Allah and seek His pleasure.
While Aam Abdussalam explained, that a certainty for children when in the neighborhood to read and capture the appearance of parents as a whole. Both physical and non-physical. Such as the spirit and laziness of parents, commitment and moral integrity of parents, so that what is displayed by the parents in front of his son will be arrested and of course will be an inheritance for children.
4. Children as 'aduwan
'Aduwan is a form of the word of the letter ا - د - ع which has various meanings when the word changes. Among them: enemy, enmity, hostile, persecuting, transgressing, distancing, hostile, hatred, hateful, disputing, etc. (Munawwir, 1997)
The child's description as' aduwan can be found in the Quran Surah Al-Tagābun verse 14:
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ إِنَّ مِنۡ أَزۡوَٰجِكُمۡ وَأَوۡلَٰدِكُمۡ عَدُوّٗا لَّكُمۡ فَٱحۡذَرُوهُمۡۚ وَإِن تَعۡفُواْ وَتَصۡفَحُواْ وَتَغۡفِرُواْ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٞ رَّحِيمٌ
O you who believe! surely from among your wives and your children, there is an enemy to you; therefore beware of them; and if you pardon and forbear and forgive, then surely Allah is Forgiving, Merciful. (Al-Tagābun: 14)
Aam Abdussalaam (2014) explains that a child going to heaven or going to hell has something to do with the parents. If a father guides his son, guarding and protecting him for fear of falling into the Hereafter is much more important. Because today's parents have a tendency to worry about the worldly child. Not a few children who neglect their parents, it is not one of their own children. That's because her parents since childhood only gave her attention, her son just made pride without being accompanied by control or touch of moral values. Until one day a child can be the enemy of both parents on the day of vengeance.
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